Leading up to the
Holocaust, before Adolf Hitler was elected the leader of Germany he published
“the story of his ‘heroic’ fight against the enemies of Germany,” entitled Mein Kampf (Norton 12). Mein Kampf discussed how the Jewish
people of Germany were the problem with Germany’s economy and culture. Hitler
claimed that Jews were diseased, greedy, immoral, and weak (Norton 16). Because
Hitler was very good at using propaganda to his advantage, he created posters,
public service announcements, and speeches that worked to turn non-Jewish
Germans against all Jewish people. The propaganda that he distributed tried to
disregard the fact that many Jewish citizens were “great contributors to German
economic, intellectual, creative, and artistic vitality” (Norton 16). These pieces also ignored the fact that “large
numbers of loyal German Jews had fought with bravery (and many had died) during
[World War I]" (Rees 3).
The Jewish people, along
with others Hitler viewed as less than desirable, such as “Gypsies (Roma)…those
of African descent, and the mentally or physically ill” were banned from holding
positions of power, maintaining business, and later buying from many businesses
(Norton 20). This caused many to starve or begin stealing food in order to live.
Of course, when caught, many were punished by death. Also, they were banned from
many places such as hospitals, restaurants, universities, and the military
(Norton 23).
Later, it was decided
that the Jews were taking up too much room in the German and Polish cities. Therefore, it was decided
that all Jews be relocated to ghettos. Each ghetto was a “completely segregated
district where only Jews would live” (Rees 15). When these became too crowded,
the real trouble began.
The majority of people
who died during The Holocaust died as a result of concentration camps. Such
camps, like Auschwitz, were originally “conceived as a holding concentration
camp…in which to keep prisoners before they were sent on to other concentration
camps,” but it was quickly discovered that their original intention would not
become their true purpose (Rees 19). The camps began to fill with Jews, Roma,
Soviet prisoners of war, and others. Most camps were mostly used to provide
cheap slave labor, as paid laborers were hard to find during war time (Norton
29). Camps such as Treblinka, Chelmno, and Sobibor were used primarily for
killing. Gas chambers, which used carbon monoxide to kill large groups of people
at a time, were the main source of the death (Norton 34). People who arrived at
the camps would have their valuables taken, their families separated, and be
directed to the gas chambers, where they were immediately gassed to
death.
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